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Date Taken:

November 3, 2004

Photograph By:

Emily Stone

License Type:

Public Domain

A group of emperor penguins swim under the sea ice as viewed from an underwater observation tube. Dr. Paul Ponganis, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and his team study emperor penguins' diving. Emperors routinely dive to depths of 500 meters. Ponganis examines their pressure tolerance, management of oxygen stores, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. This information provides insight into human diving physiology and has medical applications for patients whose organs or tissues have been deprived of oxygen due to heart attack, stroke, transplant, among other problems.

Associated Keywords

Animals, Biology, Birds, Ecology, Emperor, Fauna, Ice, Mcmurdo Sound, Medical, NSF, Penguin, Physiology, Public Domain, Research, Ross Sea, Sea, Swimming, Water

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This photo is in the public domain.

Photos whose copyright has expired or were taken by government employees as part of their job duties are considered to be in the public domain. Public domain works are not subject to copyright laws. Anyone may download these photos and use them freely, even for commercial purposes.

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This photo is covered by a Creative Commons license. Please see the Usage and Submissions page for more information. Use of this photo requires the following:

(1.) The user must give appropriate credit to the photographer and the National Science Foundation (NSF) and provide a link to the Creative Commons license. (2.) Use of the photo must be for non-commercial purposes only. (3.) No derivative works may be made with the original photo without the explicit permission of the photographer.

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